You may plan to make purchase a power wheel for kids, however, you find that there are 12v and 24v kids power wheel without a specific description of their differences. To choose a suitable ride on car for kids to enjoy, it’s necessary to grasp the differences between the 2 power wheels with different voltages.
So we have concluded some main and important distinctions between 12v and 24v kids power wheels which can help you to buy the best and most suitable kids electric car in Tobbi. Let’s go now.
Children from 4 to 6 years old can ride in 12-volt electric ride on cars, which are a popular choice among parents. They have a top speed of 3-5 miles per hour.
The most significant distinction between 6v and 12v power wheels is that 12v kids power wheels can be utilized outside on both flat and rugged surfaces, such as low-cut grass.
12V systems are rather widespread, as we discussed earlier in the essay. The majority of ride on cars use 12V systems since most vehicle components are intended to run on 12V. To charge the battery, the alternators provide 12V.
When it comes to RVs, most appliances, including refrigerators and lighting, operate on 12V. Low-power applications and short wire lengths benefit from 12V systems, which only require one battery.
More powerful 24v kids power wheel with top speeds of 4-6 mph are ideal for youngsters aged 7 to 8 years old.
The fact that your child can easily drive the car in the garden on grass, gravel, and flat surfaces is a big advantage of the 24 volt power wheel option. In addition, as compared to 6v and 12v kids electric cars, the rubber wheels provide higher traction and handling.
24V systems are advantageous because they allow for the use of smaller diameter wire and a two-fold reduction in current. Wiring expenses and space requirements can both be reduced by using smaller diameter wire. When extensive wire runs are necessary, this is extremely significant.
But, hold on, how can you run a smaller cable at a higher voltage?
You can actually use a wire that is 2x smaller than a 12V circuit. This is due to the fact that a greater voltage requires less current to generate the same amount of electricity. We can utilize a smaller wire because we are running less current or amps. Power is transmitted over power lines at extremely high voltages for the same purpose. The wires could be a lot smaller and carry a lot more power!
Power wheels are the wheels on a miniature electric automobile toy. A 12v battery is usually required, but many toy cars have 24v motors. You may need to convert 12v to 24v ride on car s to address this problem. Two 6-volt batteries can be connected to a 24-volt circuit. This will enhance the wheel’s speed and power, as well as the motor’s stress. You can do it alone or ask a friend to help you connect the two six-volt battery wires to give the motor extra power.
Toy power wheel for kids are extremely popular these days, with a wide range of replicas of well-known types. Children have adored the sensation of importance and grandeur that comes with driving their own car for almost a century, dating back to the days of the old soap-box derbies. It would be great fun for your kids and for you to watch them enjoy 12v versus 24v ride on toys if you make sure you verify the difference between battery and motor voltage.
To replace a 12v battery of kids power wheel with a 24v battery in your power wheels, tip the kids car over and remove the wheels. Carefully upgrade the wiring to 12g wires by removing the old wires one at a time and replacing them with new wires. You should also remember to replace the old fuses with new 20 amp fuses at this point.
To avoid overheating, change the motor’s voltage to 24 volts. Remove the old motor with a screwdriver and double-check that the new one is compatible and the proper size. Install the new motor and connect the wires.
After that, connect the new battery and the wires correctly. Use fuse holders to connect the fuse to the positive battery connection, crimp the wire connection, and then connect the fuse to the positive battery connection. For safety’s sake, remember to insulate any leftover wires.
By combining two 12v batteries, you can make a 24v battery. The best method is to connect the batteries in an electrical series by placing them adjacent to each other.
When you use the wrong materials, you might get into a lot of trouble. It can cause problems during the conversion process if you choose the improper battery or one that doesn’t meet the manufacturer’s criteria.
Another thing to keep an eye out for is power problems. This is commonly caused by motors that consume too much power all at once. It’s critical to pick a motor with low consumption because a higher power output can reduce battery run time.
If you don’t upgrade other elements of the kids power wheel along with the batteries, you risk overloading the motors and burning out wiring and fuses. To ensure that everything works as it should, we always recommend purchasing new parts for wiring and fuses.
Parental locking systems are available on Tobbi power wheels. The speed is cut in half when the wheels are locked. For example, a one model’s top speed when the wheels are locked is 2.5 mph, but it is five mph when the lock is switched off. Whether the lock is on or off, the backward speed remains constant.
Low speeds are better for toddlers, but a six-year-old may prefer a quicker speed. To assist you choose a model, verify the specifications for the weight of the driver and passenger if there are two seats before buying a toy car. The maximum speed for the rider’s weight, for example, should be specified in the specs. If there is an adult in the ride on car, it will move much more slowly.
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By Lance Cheney
September 21, 2022
(Updated: February 6th, 2024)
Fisher-Price Power Wheels ride on cars can make for hours of entertainment and outdoor playtime. However, some children may quickly tire of the maximum speeds that they are designed to operate at and will want faster speeds.
For parents looking for a way to make their kid’s electric car go faster, this article provides research and helpful step by step instructions from one of the world’s leading Power Wheels aftermarket specialists, Lance Cheney, on how to safely and effectively make your toy car faster. Whether you’re looking to make an upgrade to the battery, replace the motor, or make other modifications, Lance’s helpful article will assist you to get faster speeds from your Power Wheels toy.
Method One
The factory equips most Power Wheels ride-on cars with 550-sized motors, which are not the quickest, and are generally the same motors used in power tools. Most Power Wheels cars use this motor, and it runs at about 16,000 RPM (revolutions per minute). Some fast Power Wheels models use a motor that runs approximately 20,000 RPM, making for much faster maximum speeds.
The “no-load speed” is regularly quoted on a motor’s datasheet, it refers to the toy’s velocity when there’s nothing inside it to slow it down. On flat terrain, most Power Wheels toys will eventually reach the motor’s no-load limit due to low environmental friction. Using this knowledge, we can replace the motor with one of a similar size with a higher no-load speed at the same voltage, resulting in faster speeds.
When selecting a replacement electric motor for your Power Wheels, it’s essential to look at the nominal voltage, motor control board and the no-load RPM. For example, how does a 16000 RPM motor with a nominal voltage of 12v stack up against a 21v, 29800 RPM motor? Well, when run at 12v, the larger engine will run at 17000 RPM (29800 RPM / 21v * 12v), which is hardly an improvement over the original motor.
Instead, a good swap would be a Nichibo KC3SFN-8021F motor, a 12 volt motor with a no-load speed of 23,000 RPM. Switching the 550-sized motor in your Power Wheels ride-on vehicle with a stock engine that has a no-load speed of 16,000 RPM will result in a speed increase of (23000/16000) = 1.44x when there is little drag.
Most Power Wheels only reach a maximum speed of 5 mph (miles per hour). However, with this modification, your little one can speed off at 7mph, offering a faster speed while keeping the car safe for young drivers. Although, please note these engines aren’t suitable for running at higher voltage — more on this later!
Another modification you can make during a motor swap is switching to a larger engine. While this may sound tricky, it’s surprisingly easy to do in Power Wheels toys if the car’s body has space for a bigger case. Most parents upgrade to a 775-sized motor, roughly 40% heavier (~340-350g) than the standard 550-size (250-260g).
The increased case size and armature weight means it can dissipate more heat and tolerate longer durations of high-power operation. However, these motors typically have a 5mm-diameter central shaft vs the 3.17mm one on the 550-class engines, meaning they can’t use the same pinion gear. Don’t worry — gears kits of almost any size can be bought online or from your local hobby store.
Looking for a more detailed overview of common Power Wheels car motor characteristics? Look at the example table below, where we compare six vital electrical specifications in several different Mabuchi Motors:
Okay, so now we’ve learned about the motor specifications, let’s examine a few trends from the table.
We have four motors – two 550-sized and two 775-sized. To make life easier, Mabuchi uses decodable motor names. For example, the RS-550PC-7524 includes the engine’s case size of “550”, its winding wire diameter of “75”, and the number of turns of wire on each pole, “24”. For the same case size, more turns mean a lower kV but a higher torque per amp.
If you want to pick a motor suitable for your Power Wheels purely for top speed, you need the highest kV possible:
MotorkVRPM @ 12vStall Current @ 12vStall Torque @ 12vRS-550PC-752417172060076.5421RS-550PC-752713751650070.8490RS-775VC-801510711285780.7731RS-775WC-851410831300086.7810However, when combining this with a battery voltage increase, it might be best to choose a lower kV motor such as the RS-550PC-7527. This option reduces the chance of failure, as brushed motors of this size typically have a reduced lifespan when running over 25000 RPM.
You might also make the decision that increasing the torque of your Power Wheels toy is more important and opt to run a motor like the RS-775WC-8514. However, this engine can overstress a gearbox, especially when run at 18V, as the starting torque is much larger than the stock motor.
Method Two
Ride-on Power Wheels toys are usually supplied with a 6v, 12v or 24v battery. A battery powered motor’s no-load speed will increase linearly with applied voltage, presenting one of the simplest ways to get additional speed from children’s Power Wheels vehicles. Converting the toy from a 12 volt battery to a 18 volt battery will give your Power Wheels toy approximately a 50% faster top speed, while adding a 24v battery to the car will double its velocity.
However, before you make this change, there are a few things you need to consider:
If your child doesn’t drive the car in high-drag environments and the tyres slip a bit during startup, 18v Power Wheels stock engines are relatively reliable. But please note that attaching bike tyres or other traction add-ons to the wheels can create extra stress on the gearbox when driven on hard surfaces like concrete.
Also, on Power Wheels vehicles, there are multiple motor-gear pinion options: 15T, 16T, 17T, 19T, 21T and 23T. The higher-tooth-count options generate less stress on the gears when given the same motor configuration. In some ride-on Power Wheels toys, this quick amend opens the possibility of combining a gearbox swap and battery voltage upgrade, leading to faster speeds and better longevity than a voltage upgrade alone. We’ll explore this further in the gearbox section.
There are also several options for increasing the Power Wheels toy’s voltage supply from a 12 volt battery:
Another point to remember is that a Fisher-Price Power Wheels car battery has circuit (thermal) breakers built into each unit. When replacing this with a standard sealed-lead-acid or tool battery, you must also add a 30A or 40A circuit breaker in series with either of the two supply leads.
Method Three
The majority of Power Wheels toys use a multi-stage gear reduction to transform an electric motor’s high-RPM, low-torque output into a low-RPM, high-torque drive capability to push a 100+ pound vehicle.
Most Power Wheels 12 volt toy cars utilise a “7R” gearbox containing four gears. By counting the teeth on each gear, we can determine their RPM:
Input TeethOutput TeethRPMMotor Pinion1516000First Gear72253333Second Gear78141068Third Gear4512332Final38105Theoretically, with a 15-tooth motor pinion, a no-load 16000 RPM motor would reach about 105 RPM at the output, with an effective gear reduction ratio of 152:1. This calculation means the output torque is 152 times the input torque, although friction losses will reduce the output torque in real life.
For example, here’s how you would calculate the average speed of the 15-tooth pinion on the Jeep Hurricane Power Wheels, which has a ~16″ diameter tyre:
105 Rev/min * (60 min/hour) * (16 * pi in/rev) * (1 ft/12 in) * (1 mile/5280 ft): 5.0 mph
On the hand, a Power Wheels Quad Bike has a ~10.5″ rear tyre but is listed as the same speed. Fisher Price utilised the same motor but with a 23-tooth pinion and a 7R gearbox, using the same gears but a different case layout to fit the larger pinion. Let’s calculate the relative RPM:
Effective ratio is (16000/161) = 99:1
161 RPM * (60 min/hour) * (10.5 * pi in/rev) * (1 ft/12 in) * (1 mile/5280 ft): 5.03 mph
Essentially, by taking that same gearbox and putting it in the Jeep Hurricane, you could give the Power Wheels toy a higher top speed (7.66 mph). All you’d need to do is drill out the hole to fit the bigger axle.
However, there is one major drawback. By reducing the gear ratio, you also reduce the torque applied to the wheel. The Power Wheels toy will now accelerate more slowly, which will make climbing hills a struggle. But why isn’t this a problem for the quad bike? Well, this comes back to a fundamental physics principle — the linear force exerted by torque is proportional to the inverse of its distance from the axis.
The Power Wheels toy’s acceleration is simply the linear force applied to the ground by the tyres (F) divided by mass. As the tyre gets bigger, you need more torque to maintain the same amount of force applied – and thus acceleration.
Another thing to consider is that the gearbox in the Jeep is under more stress than the quad bike as the torque applied to every gear is higher. The pinion on the quad (which has 23 teeth) has a larger radius than the 15-tooth pinion on the Jeep. Force = torque/radius, so a larger radius means less force at the gear tooth’s surface. This logic allows you to put in a higher-torque motor or increase the voltage on our 23-tooth gearbox with less worry about breakage vs 15-tooth gearboxes.
Now that we’ve explored the relationship between gearing, tyre size, torque, and vehicle speed, you can use this knowledge to get the fastest power combination possible.
Using what we’ve learnt, let’s analyse a Jeep Hurricane (16″ tyres, 15T gearbox) with a Mabuchi RS-775WC-8514 motor and 23T gearbox and run on 18-volts. We’ll use the Johnson HC683LG-001 specification sheet for a stock Power Wheels motor and calculate the vehicle’s top speed as above, using the gear ratio, motor RPM, and wheel diameter.
The theoretical maximum wheel torque is the stall torque multiplied by the gear ratio. However, this is not a realistic number due to internal wiring and battery resistance. By modelling that as 0.2 ohms, you get a more accurate max wheel torque, which is about as good as it gets, even with a quality sealed lead-acid battery and 14-gauge wiring.
MotorVoltageNo-Load SpeedNo-Load CurrentStall Torque (mN*m)Stall Current (A)Gear RatioVehicle Speed (mph)Theoretical Max Wheel Torque (N*m)More Realistic Max Wheel Torque (N*m)Stock w/15T box (stock)12157001.18400611524.960.830.1Stock w/23T box12157001.1840061997.539.619.6Stock @18V w/15T box18235501.53460091.51527.491.245.2Stock @ 18V w/23T box18235501.53460091.59911.359.429.5RS-775WC-8514 w/23T box18195002.71215130999.4120.349.2One last important mention is that a lower-reduction (23T) gearbox requires more acceleration from a motor – effectively in a higher-load state. We think the Jeep Hurricane combination of the stock motor, 18-volts, and the 23T gearbox might generate too much heat in anything other than flat pavement running. The stock non-proportional speed control system (on/off) is also tricky to use in a 10mph Power Wheels ride-on vehicle toy.
The RS-775WC-8514 will make the best show here. At 18v, mated with the 23T gearbox, the maximum torque is not unreasonably high while improving the stock install, and the speed capability is excellent.
Some advanced Power Wheels enthusiasts use speed controllers, motor controllers, ESCs, or “scooter” controllers. These allow the wannabe racer to proportionally vary the throttle or speed of the car and is a must-have feature for high speed tuned vehicles.
These controllers use a transistor-based design, typically MOSFET (also known as metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor), to rapidly turn on and off the motors with a varying duty cycle (% of ON-time). Almost all of these controllers will limit the current they provide to the engine to ensure they remain safe.
For many lower-cost scooter controllers, this current limit may be as small as 25 amps. In contrast, a more capable motor controller such as the Kelly KDS may provide 60-120 amps of continuous output, with higher burst output possible for intervals of 10s of seconds. Some controllers also have a soft-start function, which ramps up power gradually throughout 10s or 100s of milliseconds.
This current limit has two main effects. Firstly, it reduces the probability of gearbox breakage, especially when combined with the soft-start function. Secondly, it limits the maximum amount of torque available. With lower capability controllers, the latter can result in slow acceleration up hills or challenging environments, influencing gearbox and/or motor selection and placing a premium on “torque per amp”. To illustrate the effects of this, let’s revisit the gearbox-swap scenario previously discussed:
MotorVoltageStall Current (A)Gear RatioVehicle Speed (mph)Theoretical Max Wheel Torque (N*m)More Realistic Max Wheel Torque (N*m)“Realistic” Scenario Current per Motor (A)Realistic Per-wheel Torque with 25A Total Limit (2 Gearboxes) (N*m)Stock w/15T box (stock)12611524.960.830.130.212.5Stock w/23T box1261997.539.619.630.28.1Stock @18V w/15T box1891.51527.491.245.245.412.5Stock @ 18V w/23T box1891.59911.359.429.545.48.1RS-775WC-8514 w/23T box18130999.4120.349.253.211.6RS-775WC-8514 w/19T box181301207.7145.659.653.214.0By using an electronic speed controller, you can see there’s no torque advantage to running the Power Wheels vehicle at 18 volts – only gains in speed. Also, the RS-775WC motor’s evident “torque per amp” advantage gives it almost as much final torque in the 23T gearbox as the stock has with a 15T gearbox and still, allows a 27% better speed. Given such a limited controller, using the RS-775WC motor with a 19-tooth pinion may be the best-case scenario, as it will still make for a faster 7.7mph but will have a 13% torque advantage over the stock motor with a 15-tooth pinion.
Also, in no case do the modified scenarios with the speed controller achieve the torque (and gearbox stress) of the bone-stock configuration, suggesting that reliability will be high, but acceleration and terrain flexibility will be poor. The drivability will be substantially improved across the board with a 60-amp controller.
Microchip designer by day and tinkerer all the time, Lance enjoyed tuning real cars in his youth and found modifying Power Wheels was a cheaper and safer hobby that could be shared with his three children.